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Shreyas Doshi
Twitter, now that we understand why the preventable problem paradox is so prevalent and pernicious, it’s time to talk about combating it. So, as promised, here’s a thread on pre-mortems.
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Shreyas Doshi 26. sij
Odgovor korisniku/ci @shreyas
In this thread, we’ll look at the “what” and “how” of pre-mortems, along with a novel technique of using “Tigers”, “Paper Tigers”, and “Elephants” to run effective pre-mortems.
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Shreyas Doshi 26. sij
Odgovor korisniku/ci @shreyas
But first, ICYMI, check out the thread linked below. While I knew that thread would resonate with some, it got way more popular than I had imagined. It seemed to especially strike a chord with folks in security, sysadmin, privacy, and related areas.
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Shreyas Doshi 26. sij
Odgovor korisniku/ci @shreyas
And many of you shared (both publicly and in private) how it clarified some of the organizational dysfunctions you’ve seen over your careers. This Tweet is quite relevant:
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Shreyas Doshi 26. sij
Odgovor korisniku/ci @shreyas
With that, let’s talk about a specific technique to help you do what’s right for your customers, your company, your team, by foreshadowing and mitigating the most blatant would-be blunders. That technique is pre-mortems.
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Shreyas Doshi 26. sij
Odgovor korisniku/ci @shreyas
It is one of 3-4 mitigations for the preventable problem paradox. It is also the most practicable one. You can literally implement this on Monday if you want.
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Shreyas Doshi 26. sij
Odgovor korisniku/ci @shreyas
Post-mortems, after action reviews (AARs), etc. are becoming a part of the “standard process” at many organizations. (and I think that is great!)
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Shreyas Doshi 26. sij
Odgovor korisniku/ci @shreyas
So, what’s a pre-mortem?
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Shreyas Doshi 26. sij
Odgovor korisniku/ci @shreyas
Note: you can (and likely should) do a post-mortem anyway, even if the project went quite well. But, moving along.
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Shreyas Doshi 26. sij
Odgovor korisniku/ci @shreyas
Unlike a post-mortem—where you discuss what went wrong (and what you can learn from it)—in a pre-mortem, you get together earlier in a project’s lifecycle and ask the team to assume that the project has failed. And you prompt the team to come up with the reasons why.
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Shreyas Doshi 26. sij
Odgovor korisniku/ci @KleInsight
This short and excellent HBR article by is required reading on this topic.
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Shreyas Doshi 26. sij
Odgovor korisniku/ci @KleInsight
Here are the highlights of the standard pre-mortem process:
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Shreyas Doshi 26. sij
Odgovor korisniku/ci @KleInsight
I’ll now share a modified pre-mortem script that has worked well on the teams I’ve worked with. As background, at Stripe, the teams I’ve led have regularly run pre-mortems for our products, particularly major product launches (e.g. Stripe Connect, Stripe Terminal).
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Shreyas Doshi 26. sij
Odgovor korisniku/ci @shreyas
And while we haven’t been 100% mistake-free, pre-mortems have enabled “calm product launches” and enhanced team productivity & morale.
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Shreyas Doshi 26. sij
Odgovor korisniku/ci @shreyas
Why change the standard pre-mortem script? In my experience, the standard pre-mortem meeting was very engaging *while* the team was in the room.
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Shreyas Doshi 26. sij
Odgovor korisniku/ci @shreyas
But how many times have you had an engaging meeting and then people leave the room and everybody forgets about it and reverts to old patterns?
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Shreyas Doshi 26. sij
Odgovor korisniku/ci @shreyas
That’s what I saw repeatedly when we employed the standard script. So, I began looking for ways to change that.
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Shreyas Doshi 26. sij
Odgovor korisniku/ci @shreyas
I wanted the team to A. be spotting major problems, and B. surface those problems up to other team members *throughout the lifecycle of the project*, not just at that one pre-mortem meeting.
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Shreyas Doshi 26. sij
Odgovor korisniku/ci @shreyas
What was missing, I realized, was an evocative, convenient lexicon that allowed people to talk about these things in a psychologically safe manner. Related: I learned quite late in my career the tremendous benefits of giving your team a context-specific lexicon. Don’t be me.
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Shreyas Doshi 26. sij
Odgovor korisniku/ci @shreyas
Enter the metaphors: Tigers Paper Tigers Elephants
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Shreyas Doshi 26. sij
Odgovor korisniku/ci @shreyas
The way I like to run pre-mortems now is to ask them to list out their concerns about the project in 3 different categories:
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Shreyas Doshi 26. sij
Odgovor korisniku/ci @shreyas
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Shreyas Doshi 26. sij
Odgovor korisniku/ci @shreyas
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Shreyas Doshi 26. sij
Odgovor korisniku/ci @shreyas
Why are you not worried about a Paper Tiger (even though others might be)? Usually because you’re responsible for the said area and have strong conviction that the ostensible Tiger is fully under control. You’ve got it!
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Shreyas Doshi 26. sij
Odgovor korisniku/ci @shreyas
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Shreyas Doshi 26. sij
Odgovor korisniku/ci @shreyas
An Elephant might not be a threat per se, but it’s the thing you’re worried no one is talking about. It’s the “elephant in the room”.
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Shreyas Doshi 26. sij
Odgovor korisniku/ci @shreyas
So, with this lexicon, here’s how I recommend running a pre-mortem meeting:
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Shreyas Doshi 26. sij
Odgovor korisniku/ci @shreyas
It’s 1 hour long and the flow looks like this:
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Shreyas Doshi 26. sij
Odgovor korisniku/ci @shreyas
During the context setting part, I introduce the pre-mortem concept (it’s always *someone’s* first pre-mortem) and ask everyone on the team to come up with: 2 Tigers (at least), and any Paper Tigers and Elephants they can think of.
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Shreyas Doshi 26. sij
Odgovor korisniku/ci @shreyas
There is absolutely no talking during this time. Quiet time! It’s amazing how long & productive a 10 minute stretch of silence can be in a meeting, when no one is talking.
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Shreyas Doshi 26. sij
Odgovor korisniku/ci @shreyas
After that, there’s another 10 minutes of Quiet time. During this time, people read everyone else’s Tigers, Paper Tigers, and Elephants. And they get to +1 others’ Tigers, Paper Tigers, and Elephants. Each person can give up to five +1s. So you need to be quite selective.
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